Dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 Relieves the Impacts of Aflatoxin B 1 Toxicity on the Growth Performance, Hepatorenal Functions, and Antioxidative Capacity of Thinlip Grey Mullet ( Liza ramada ) (Risso 1826)

Dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 was used to relieve the impacts of aflatoxin B 1 toxicity on the performances of Liza ramada . The control diet was without any additives, while the second and third diets were supplemented with aflatoxin B 1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. The fourth diet was supplemented with Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 at 1 × 10 6 CFU/mL per kg diet, while the fifth with aflatoxin B 1 at 1 mg/kg and Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 at 1 × 10 6 CFU/mL per kg diet. The growth performance markedly increased ( p < 0.05) in L. ramada fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356, while aflatoxin B 1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups showed a severe reduction. The red blood cells, hemoglobulin, hematocrit, and white blood cells were markedly increased in L. ramada fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 while decreased ( p < 0.05) in fish fed aflatoxin B 1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. The blood total protein and albumin were markedly increased ( p < 0.05) in L. ramada fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 while reduced in aflatoxin B 1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups. The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were meaningfully increased in fish of the Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 and aflatoxin B 1 at 1 mg/kg groups while decreased in aflatoxin B 1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea levels were markedly decreased ( p < 0.05) in fish-fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 while increased in aflatoxin B 1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups. The highest levels of blood glucose and cortisol were seen in fish contaminated with aflatoxin B 1 at 1 mg/kg, while the lowest levels were observed in the fish fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 group ( p < 0.05). The catalase and superoxide dismutase were markedly enhanced in the Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 group and severely declined in aflatoxin B 1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups ( p < 0.05). The malondialdehyde level was markedly reduced in fish fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 with or without aflatoxin B 1 at 1 mg/kg diets while increased in fish contaminated with aflatoxin B 1 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg ( p < 0.05). The control group had lower malondialdehyde levels than the aflatoxin B 1 at 1 mg/kg group and higher than the Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 with or without aflatoxin B 1 toxicity ( p < 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed impaired intestines and livers in fish contaminated with aflatoxin B 1 while Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 relieves the inflammation and protected the intestines and livers. In conclusion, dietary Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 is recommended to relieve the impacts of aflatoxicosis-induced hepatorenal failure and oxidative stress in L. ramada .