Human Centricity as Leading Design Principle for Smart City Innovations: Implications for the Governance, Control, Reporting and Performance Evaluation of Well-being of Civil Society Actors.

Governments like municipalities and cities may be regarded as the ultimate stakeholder society organizations. Their key challenge is to balance the welfare of many interest groups as natural stakeholders. Stakeholders need reliable information to assess the effectiveness of implemented policies of organizations to obtain specific objectives. These objectives relate to one or more capitals measuring economic, social, and environmental sustainability affecting societal well-being. This makes reporting sustainability information addressed to a large variety of stakeholders, coined as savers, i.e., investors, and users coined as civil society actor a challenging task to fulfill due to the multidimensional construct of well-being in perspective of CSDR-2022 and similar reporting frameworks. The European Commission asserted that there is significant evidence that many undertakings like businesses do not disclose material information on all major sustainability topics, including climate related information such as GHG emissions and factors that affect bio diversity. In this research, we propose a method build upon the logic of double-entry bookkeeping in a rigorous way, extending the value cycle concept buttressing any value chain to design accounting information systems fulfilling the need of complete and reliable sustainable data for decision-making and evaluation purposes.