The assessment of sustainable aquaculture model to improve the aquatic environment and productivity in the Indonesian coastal area

Abstract To study and review the Integrated Multi Tropic Aquaculture (IMTA) model of the closed system (CSIMTA) and open system (OSIMTA), experiments were carried out to determine their performance in improving the quality of the aquatic environment and productivity in the northern coastal area of Karawang, West Java and the southern coastal area of Bantaeng, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, respectively. The CSIMTA model experiment used four treatment models: Treatment model T-1 contained tiger prawns ( Penaeus monodon ) only, treatment model T-2 contained tiger prawns and saline tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ), treatment model T-3 contained tiger prawns, saline tilapia, and seaweed ( Gracillaria verrucosa ), and treatment model T-4 contained tiger prawns, saline tilapia, seaweed, and green mussels ( Perna viridis ). Meanwhile, the study of OSIMTA was carried out by measuring the physical and chemical parameters of the aquatic environment. The results of the CSIMTA model show that aquaculture containing tiger prawns, saline tilapia, seaweed, and green mussels of the T-4 was more productive and the quality of the aquatic environment was more stable than the other three treatments (T-1, T-2, and T-3). In the T-4, a bio-recycling system worked well where seaweed utilized the liquid waste resulting from the dissolution of feed residues and excrement from saline tilapia and tiger prawns as a nutrient supply for growth. Then, the organic waste was used by the green mussels as a feed source. The bio-recycling system also worked in the OSIMTA.